Post-Quantum/Traditional hybrid cryptosuites v0.1

This specification describes several Data Integrity Cryptosuites for use when generating a digital signature using Post-Quantum/Traditional (PQ/T) hybrid digital signature algorithms.

This specification was published by the Cybersecurity Research Group @ LINKS Foundation.

This specification is experimental, do not use it in any production setting.

GitHub Issues are preferred for discussion of this specification.

Introduction

This specification defines several cryptographic suites for the purpose of creating, and verifying proofs for Post-Quantum/Traditional (PQ/T) hybrid signatures in conformance with the Data Integrity [[VC-DATA-INTEGRITY]] specification.

This specification uses either the RDF Dataset Canonicalization Algorithm [[RDF-CANON]] or the JSON Canonicalization Scheme [[RFC8785]] to transform the input document into its canonical form. It uses SHA-256 and SHA-512 [[RFC6234]] as message digest algorithms and ML-DSA [[FIPS-204]], ECDSA and EdDSA [[FIPS-186-5]] as component signature algorithms to create PQ/T hybrid signatures.

Terminology

Terminology used throughout this document is defined in the Terminology section of the [[VC-DATA-INTEGRITY]] specification.

Data Model

The following sections outline the data model that is used by this specification to express verification methods, such as cryptographic composite public keys, and PQ/T hybrid data integrity proofs, such as PQ/T hybrid digital signatures.

Verification Methods

This cryptographic suite is used to verify Data Integrity Proofs [[VC-DATA-INTEGRITY]] produced using PQ/T hybrid key material.

This is a set of examples of public keys encoded as a JsonWebKey, examples are instrumental in introducing composite public keys encoded as CompositeJwk

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "EC",
      "crv": "P-256",
      "x": "f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU",
      "y": "x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "EC",
      "crv": "P-384",
      "x": "gakWbm3Elw5D2attP36eFTHWG1K4VcuLfKQY1m9bSAaJXk7gbFxX_UgRxBfgR4f",
      "y": "aTB1BP54ydv0G7o5lHeFeX5zL1Jf9gvtPOhiEnwI0Cw2aeiNjD44zqeqOTFWVVYD"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "OKP", 
      "crv": "Ed25519",
      "x": "0X-QEhA0qbmbRTtoupKNnmE0u_H_1XK6V3KORTwP990"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "OKP", 
      "crv": "Ed448",
      "x": "GhMR4aZWgygPxQgKfqvriwaznQEqUJI0gOPwQhHCxGFTBMHKlc6HlbWyiQL7pjFG7nzlxTXbpkSA"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
    "kid": "key-0",
    "kty": "ML-DSA",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-44",
    "pub": "0IbUzQGj-Rzaf7xQW_PL0t2nWmoY-y6xcDYxKeJnR2cYiLPwoJ9INp7AJq7xD3dKLCVuQ74TvF9pOG8aRSNGOJElvOrTzKd7CvU-5VaE-DpCxUNk2-oYuxOTO2An51SwtkkX9_YbdOarwScGsWuRNF8ehD5rnButrMt96RBXR9lcMXRlNc1fxhC9sdTDE26MNI5deGaQ3jQCcYMCO1FY1L0ncMy0Vy5tS8Tw3VQ1wsLfCakMPCCUYRCX0nN0kK2K2KjmtGopY8s_PHosY_0cYm4nCq1W3K-ApCGlehY81DU4D_2hR2Hty4qbVFzy3kX4FF6RlD31ysZHGiPosZymj7vgOz_JWrInbFNO-s9xTSXDuj0iEReASI0rF1_tt_358JwYGgTakPrIExwvXgJX8qnRhhH58-mCZoLgbZjmjOxBqINRppCbXPkREgS8nXDQIWVs2fyyWLi3OD5m-tGghp6vgBpv_ZDA0fAHr2Chxowx4gzolTtEim7G39ISXThMTtWG1IAWHOL67Ol19pNLa3mow-IWNyqNfsu6KhFUmjDcbGgiTXcoGlDCaZaGRRuM9CGXdJMmAvbqwzqyPcf-l8OVb45mrMbwDGN9DDZ5cy2oWGm7otkhgix1bh-CDXnr2X8XC6fbD0HUqM8R9mT3O3l1EzUpL8aAhNCQ_r0BuvgcZzuGX-BdEmuy4wpZfXjudX0iZjSIFdUyxw5hVSBaZb-2iQBvUs9EPhPPEBNadZqLFTG6Qv9ejMIg7xKT9wLbqcrpeqqRPhU-vzNC7_ZnTZkhkzWuEFDawCKSXxwMA959eCD2zZ2Z6dihOzojqxlBXt_gPsLtmdIyBK_kNmxUgN34oDViXccre3UABSahFPzI9rtPc4S1JF8IlEG9Anmk0_ufXOEfqK9lA578RFFzusSpkWfsM-8WJ6dTPRbnkVcr8pe5tSGIXXU4e6mpIajHGXbhLhWetBu0ea5vCoPQ23qsPAfnZuRT5AkTTxZ65kxdvRGwWq1XOmaws7IB9RZiv_wqRtAjO0EJEc-hSkLJe4rSmrbBlrWAwlX2OQXZ3B13FMrQW7vC0CdXsrfoBsIc_CtIg_x9kgVaBZeKYkGwJm8vnm3_XA2AIlTsbU3TQbBzwCqH_AVBGPcefjvs5Ip_50Ld1mOl4obR-Mxt_4mwg2OuIN3aOEV-gase19SlUujQUhg-IkgvCzSRhpQ8CIy-t1hlnbUs7M7xNAiGRQQZUinbadUeky-sskQcM61DlZKIoHPal1l6F7IuJCHIGQPdOTP2U5f4yU6qrRnpsfhmIO9WdwN38ej-AeCM4Q2Z09BHumiKHWYz72H9QBLlBu4KLyuZlXu-e0fM7LcspTGnFciUfhhgqdDcas0F3DeIFajH9UTervyfIF4m7nu4ohhNvR-gW4r8zDA1zrcdf_OqLzRqL2yF6gx65aSpBacodugdHHOhNjokaOO9xLzX2uCQBC9AG9zl2-Kxx3z58aVCyotqBZlTp9qe8aHpz0YPdXA0Csjd-Dhus7OmdJxKD_CbF0HNHifkTKDp81Vlas-aaVqVRNLlHNQzdOiHSeig6tGVLYfv47067Vo40z9_XDdsxPZjbCQjuyVr5_5H_Py7QPgQTLCzMN45a1MuKSQkDEKjlirqL5hiShNCalBmnEBYgDxTMHi6l7B_jalz1VJPYHtebsTC6bmfmAaOtIZOYr4kiYqwpb00dRntrco4feev7ZxDnzZ6mpud-VNxjP4c-g"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
    "kid": "key-0",
    "kty": "ML-DSA",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-65",
    "pub": "-1nlFKfO2TGDDr-29gZ1CmxJFfgq25PqCkzZPcaeQkJBNTU_RDZzbKmKAkJzD1KYgge4zAkT7l0xwSCVVIBFS8-Eg6edDcJXCJSLzRyDE8GV8bQ-a0KJCBawzNUht-z-Av6qo8eUiJSOJ2o_qVuKWP8wExXZtxARWnakDAJRwfGwOOov2ztsLt6RNbERHkVNxqd4ZULmE39emC4rHT2vXBtG7F47VQjoG4I5u_xB3EqslcW0BUkG-ABBtc8Bx4SDE5yYLF_3cgO5IUDUetmQPk1fcpbBW6nR8FM2ajbGdSYekMzIpy9f5oDBPU_pu5xi16wO-45PA4bYGPPBmUDLznaVR4oneZiTh1K8Mq_5UBC3bpVMqnijlyNnB8PAM-6CSxDPO7u2FKLrlkGGI9STD6oMO_nWY2OHcdj2q8UZmIteaJlu-lZjc28er43eSSe-jLpPnkx9gGBDgyFltJDhRGTBj1ymwzK6mN0jNrHRANcBWmwhCuozC38py51ccHxzq_rgpwTr3MPSlL6sFp_FlFKUgRwRrbO9n_T_iriXpdLb3aUQkeqJyFgYK953_6qL45W0sKghpi4T5PVu8gqRH4E1mz-HXTdB4mvY1RFQP-qaD4AAxTvaKkn6FGJEN6sk8UQlbKpeG9ZtI0CO4-H7vdLn24X5SiB7RtMnX-zh2tVB0FW3lLUwKSOCYu0FZRdrgDQGOZ9M9N7sSwAztNdwLIhG-sSP-nl37Tn4RxjXmunIELjUGxbd9eDOX4LaCHiGAA8uV-winl4qZwfowq7kl_PQGj06SRXtTZoJkQbC21G3JoWdvvKp1i1tHnXtYoDhZWRzdWk_AE1Y7n7QT2qJu3GDRu2MAA-ch6YOzuYsoE-cwd1AsS6bnFNbZEq8V9zneXTArGR69iax8xolD1RnBs9fzCeMZxb-ww3orh_LZo1w0FIvFgglL8uY_n4pFTH6bRXS_JXherOqUwqr55Auy0BP5sumDiSNa8gb_p1nTNUWzruGNH-L3ALLsuno1DOrnKo2CVKTraET6wWport5sitcz931f7XEIVrzmUleTzbk48reykAJZUPXCG9XCHSP04fnszE4EY6csx86LvMfxEOHrnhzfZnoVj3IPUObiL5Z3xxOygv3INDNICZaaOgkVkjSR9KYnhIg6c7WAaUzU5fdmBfL5bf1K6m5MkEtLvYvmVp0hbtYy7-eo02y9RHv6PYYp4JkXKW6zva4_fG6l-g8_VwBWUenF6qPGY4SLo79Q40qU2p7jmhrjHu8vdAOi2bfpOItP2Te-5LoqkOqchpu8ndwKAzNWMdahVNLfuZAx9qZBNca2QaowCkkssu5Tm-R_LtRzWW0yQW78kdDjTcOio-pqtaoaFd6q2xZiHLPAEF6t8lePYF6e0KGyOgujQEPZ3cGq5-fSTbDZ7DNGu632wzcCsbOYUV-5z-hHEbVU8iaYlOiQnfRYUk6ehzu1dl8wItIishxd-Oqs_yFUpkjXrWxtHPCpkSATu29ckZjgh6VSRZY1UPIockqMFZFQBy4E-NkPROt-rVYW29Znc0fINXvkSVYWR-wN9MdJzN09UsLUo_6AOoWiKqOYko0LaUVwQ3KXdvFt6ApnTQ1vogsC--aJD93B371q2ZKOfXdihpMizjolDw-RcnjVJj3-Kb1fqXXF3o9uhAtwPOuGlIynQiqfihOLFSA7xVHGm3NffZKYzkaTOj1LL_8DwjFydfsIDI_QUnybrqMmV0cH4uvY8AAPVimZPRNAOeNu0oOy2E6MlX2CC5ATntBcXMmLpgZ7u-k6Q_gJMBQfr8qhul96GOTbSMMIzFXp0A1lOY8Cj61J2s408OFPAdPW6KuFmXgyPjxYf-eX-Y1YyuzMGsUAEszOfiUoGH0z7a5n1VwtDwKCHERo3O3VnnimT9wbyRPHWaymTVn9CYxdlF0x6pdsMmrPIB6snhZX8JJXx-eczFyVtrQZbjQeg-G317RivOAtnjGeZ_j39z_-9caGCcnrbnodAqVEcD8c3qLSniBcnVgHNYXPDUb14541kAcdmack1BOMfoislXjIuMXYB_c6Vqvcf55aBAJMejfghjR8b4Axf0-PjJVG8ptwYZqmf0m_M2WlM-779RodwkDwOTYU2QkwOuq4-uBpo83E-0KTPqc88jt89WZMqSdKa873EwX-EZk7Gangy1P8y1bDwKHjnNTMG-morrpN50RaTCvt4IdMygUTHIrmR5j8jCQQupAm2Ae7vMqF_78jIBiIkpvg89nf04MWRwXqCmL7_ytyNucfpEdzKWu4mo9OEkHXMKj9c187qwNE5jbY9jkNzHsVWk3I5cynfdzDdkUOtcic2YeaNFFhbBwSsZckLjOcQFmmo0niVaPcFBG5F4D1AsSJQ5i9_xrXJKmVaSfPIXme3WAD8DufVyNIIUz_VmFWYyh7YcgirSqfabpIyCeG_l4GH44DHJA1_u9OdxG3cioTN2o1yvmYvj02ZxudKAlVQlK1AastEqkb9Eys_vy_F8EvppNEh4WMS5nkXYY3iMx4OtbIYEVUcfj5kKjk6lr2M_20guptFsdp9GG_FwIV4YNtaBkUrj6QRfwWDdu_YU"
  }
}

{
  "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
  "type": "JsonWebKey",
  "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
  "publicKeyJwk": {
    "kid": "key-0",
    "kty": "ML-DSA",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-87",
    "pub": "a8vTva_0Bp00H8r3mYY22oqsQxJ7khwV0IDDTjqr6hpZDEVONmo-leplOsY6tPVtwW6igrtF5gshKgr7acaj_6jOWdoo5MXzgRhKg-AT3o6SRno41Je7DC2ahrUbUKQqc9F3NW6L8H3C0b3g5DGmRu3AWIeg10Arg6Gbv6s8aenc0DMk-bP1Q682AiqwY29vI6zitOsPAZ3bp7qibsr4LezXf1DhTlUUQF38tmcDTovg1-BqVA6XTVoCPMdal6X5RwjBU_z9J1VqNmlc4wCbUFmikox57d1qqWY-0Xhig52ihP1CRdYnrcJEKi8W1n3Idv1c5ZF8j0zl9n-bD5IuCeSZi1qqocKFsgzRcWbgWmQiT33W7qoi8htRjRV-STyszFiOTILj6-qmk7rmghkBw9GfS6zrJHics9zHWuelI1aqHkSoa2Nlat8vLDL6FoAxUZiK7DMG0Gl0eNjPEEqu46yRJm7kZ-zIkw8umROUEk_eLqXXxvMoEJSJ2yg1TVDg3P0KIg14-8i59dH9qz1pDcM_iwRSr_renfKS0-y5PEI3B-Cj9LfY_zvab4l9P5kontns0y_lr33WmxtrfaykBNFy94_46STfnhvi0goG6A-CzLJUSFlv8_e1SVfa3fB2vgV5xahF0FReGVgxEhbkb9zTRB6UB27N6HxsS1T5u7uOFgCGCRfv0TREeb2XHVYOttPMUV9w7Kc4-iKWpkCBdowkb9-EWYX6hvnOnT57Q3Oa2KZC9fvELSkMy_f-HfEF1NMUEhJdTkUpy4m6HdfHPVrzNV71PxAtI0S2RdolF572np6GOts0FXnZAjuplKqjrzDHQHNrC5PVzu9YsKWiwjQBRHnu4EdKZzC24AU46MIAWuA-hSZARyi5dSxqkZLJYjs_-TcKSuOlzDlWTMHahpnaoDkQ9xjj4oqEjMefea4ULqzt8YaxJtd54-knF5dQUOGBmieyJUKRcVa6i4PgR4_kd72b7S11tTx1TB5bHvmsA99YuwTjNpw5u2c4-Qh-fjWhwcbcOrUomnxcIlspBtJxtFhSNqCrg6ZJg1FE_cDRAMVNuSPNlIwPjQ3serGo_O0BBneeZ53j5EecC8onRGhwGtNRchYYEBJLaKKkw8ok9-uzjGXblAY409BOhlWCAoP4sBr6F35OmiTm1_tNdP28GPO3G4jXCQ-XSiOfN7dMutdX3zAl4S3Ny4P2Q8rzLewEtK83cibsjvfVRZ-UQr-Q2dREi2VFLfCbldJ6A6-tEHZ2ObFT2PNlwX0BdMqPlb00AU2Ae4_UGqWRFAoHzjwrAhvUEWGHxfzeKciudSQK2lSO_i94J-yK01RbQKJ-ZEfC86XaI91cxAsxADU_4IhijLw9-Nv8qKndWC292Ftw8HH6LKhBmv18sxle8DO1y5vkfT6d8a-9GkecHL3Xyj_ckth2zUPCCIn-OJ-yapPmcgi7rnI-2Gq1c0MuL39dHIik9aB9u3Qtm27BaPujT6myOzPktqTco6nPSkFHSshwnKuXHv_wXJjMMWk3qZaOhYCyOCvPnrekZNyBB-uooGcdn4yfBGT7ANGKg1lPP6DaCFHI0BpDhdV9DArCrUp5PLWi2sgmY_YWztcDrB9Q-GbEUd-e_fzpW5BacPYNw-DcgDUJxV068WNy0uwSV4Tfo6Bw4h2CFuYtfTqRxYYWavepHB4NjMUARy29s_4KBB0Mt0f2Fp16UBHfGOZiYP_16kp1NtYfPrENxsdySX5ZtVrVm8D7Fyq34_rRwiI-JBOJLbLMJdceckrvgZuEwzDeeEsnaKSJ4eiHu3QRWMO3A_WrosKf_CXHoWhz4Xcc2qdQ1g_m4en1c_0IizN9CC92boUsnNLecS6NyDbep7lZHjyQEP3pJzVfCUJXrxMeDtvCuztHaWOglAYmQFXSodroio01fUVxq9Pw5qTqayRCU3rpBt4Ui6x8uF8YMid7_lxOdjQBMoWxX-ej-yTHJ3SxZfOns6aJuH0-W5l1bMbIcknUyGFLonOjeLXVALlfHOMCIBTEnGCqJ68J-YeD8nRSAymzsSabXI3edpc42WkYU9NOZZ4N_8Y7fpu8HX8e60eyIfz5eOTI_LIBK5M2o_cLZIUCQtl6Lt3vrkVMKV7oSOhDUWZzqhj7lTPT_1jn5uANp59bLbGe6VZkXEqVIs0HS6puiR3XMwPHdVaQI0PCjtIRkVN3-vOcnq1W0RJRYdjyd3oefyzXYFcxBhWNIqZDYZ9VB0jA3x7AW1wsWeYZXzeieGViJ8Or_09e41R9PLAFvBdlDl0t1QZa-FiUFl7BWOmvCGazQ-yPsOwz66-zZJZf2b3iNABo46o-dRFsuyTc5x3SIQw9O7QbIrgy1rKXT72MhQhEMxW9qtH0LORb_lJWWM7IQbBfAfc3o1LBlsH2o-nYODtpZOLkUNQFP38BOJ0O41WgcVTBoCxDtB8YmzBXqXwogp5ZBreNScFdrlxwy8xGofMxAB18uPVFSOBSvvIbfRUwIC4SmB5W4zEGX3kPUc_gnNQVx7g29Hd_zqeXGLJjQHw8xkP7abVF6AyNHKaK7Y95IC6e_tKEbxUjRP1MD3fYJHeSUJB7ZokmFPy6kZnErpT77eRYDh7_tRaq-7y58csT76kr-Wz436C58yMRfv-MtHv-FxqRr3CG-50pd_QKUMuQfuWlZyXUsXER2Sp9nQYOEOUvJ9wmiVKp4cXxHHRHJdHFwsrOguUDE3N0ry5jBi0nAn01t786KtgrWlLnJaRgXxO7ocfOWGqgAx_pZdP5RNpa3BtelJDUkmO1vbRNCwRw884aDldRZRvWn-bdNCq8K0jLElgtTSpNrsTRyhMHPUhV1Eaes1KuDyqtIWrjA1_unFRolyadv7NV-7FghYIC1xRzPQRUDV_bSSucYizuRSjrhbvvIZkeEbRO7-O6Hihg047UNmQ23taz9p6QtoPVK52BQH8qxBxpGT0rWttgMYNw0I3V6Q8Y1rgUFd7cKM_meVYVOWJkgLsCuVoJA4euRDcZsY-QY--vUs9-X4BpweJ1vTahXHu0zoPS670BcQRk4hf3XlU5YLXgC_UAm_D7oIXDGe3xFdU76MJKHiEDMjusCG9GpvnwyPZyW9MPdMIMdRdzwENcG8rSXPJ5Y_js4kCFeCpJ9gChcAZ-ELUZvIIPoNuZTlDSeyqoIaroStGLNr15E6-V-8eYjUdfbTCLc1YDuKpKwGsa9-XSvYJjXOVYvh5tArRgBpuE4cxuLL1j7wSNdFzvAbTTOSWbC0NTkwMU5ojsTBx26R1BaFxeb0R-oVlvQYqdlFXYqLnN2gktLlJSgOCqoAExyNiW1RJPVjgMbLZSCygrlS6rox0lhlgSdhjdZmgaMpIW0s1gBGdouhrInwIb-Nft6Tev3ugtzy4D-bg-Lda61q7OLCFUaESppn0CRCnXSleREIYPOTc_xUu78r3sntZe"
  }
}

CompositeJWK

A composite public key encoded as a CompositeJWK contains a PQ public key and a traditional public key both encoded as JsonWebKey. In addition, the CompositeJWK contains a string algId which represents the name of the algorithms used to generate the PQ/T hybrid data integrity proof.

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
    "algId": "id-MLDSA44-P256", 
    "pqPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "ML-DSA",
      "alg": "ML-DSA-44",
      "pub": "0IbUzQGj-Rzaf7xQW_PL0t2nWmoY-y6xcDYxKeJnR2cYiLPwoJ9INp7AJq7xD3dKLCVuQ74TvF9pOG8aRSNGOJElvOrTzKd7CvU-5VaE-DpCxUNk2-oYuxOTO2An51SwtkkX9_YbdOarwScGsWuRNF8ehD5rnButrMt96RBXR9lcMXRlNc1fxhC9sdTDE26MNI5deGaQ3jQCcYMCO1FY1L0ncMy0Vy5tS8Tw3VQ1wsLfCakMPCCUYRCX0nN0kK2K2KjmtGopY8s_PHosY_0cYm4nCq1W3K-ApCGlehY81DU4D_2hR2Hty4qbVFzy3kX4FF6RlD31ysZHGiPosZymj7vgOz_JWrInbFNO-s9xTSXDuj0iEReASI0rF1_tt_358JwYGgTakPrIExwvXgJX8qnRhhH58-mCZoLgbZjmjOxBqINRppCbXPkREgS8nXDQIWVs2fyyWLi3OD5m-tGghp6vgBpv_ZDA0fAHr2Chxowx4gzolTtEim7G39ISXThMTtWG1IAWHOL67Ol19pNLa3mow-IWNyqNfsu6KhFUmjDcbGgiTXcoGlDCaZaGRRuM9CGXdJMmAvbqwzqyPcf-l8OVb45mrMbwDGN9DDZ5cy2oWGm7otkhgix1bh-CDXnr2X8XC6fbD0HUqM8R9mT3O3l1EzUpL8aAhNCQ_r0BuvgcZzuGX-BdEmuy4wpZfXjudX0iZjSIFdUyxw5hVSBaZb-2iQBvUs9EPhPPEBNadZqLFTG6Qv9ejMIg7xKT9wLbqcrpeqqRPhU-vzNC7_ZnTZkhkzWuEFDawCKSXxwMA959eCD2zZ2Z6dihOzojqxlBXt_gPsLtmdIyBK_kNmxUgN34oDViXccre3UABSahFPzI9rtPc4S1JF8IlEG9Anmk0_ufXOEfqK9lA578RFFzusSpkWfsM-8WJ6dTPRbnkVcr8pe5tSGIXXU4e6mpIajHGXbhLhWetBu0ea5vCoPQ23qsPAfnZuRT5AkTTxZ65kxdvRGwWq1XOmaws7IB9RZiv_wqRtAjO0EJEc-hSkLJe4rSmrbBlrWAwlX2OQXZ3B13FMrQW7vC0CdXsrfoBsIc_CtIg_x9kgVaBZeKYkGwJm8vnm3_XA2AIlTsbU3TQbBzwCqH_AVBGPcefjvs5Ip_50Ld1mOl4obR-Mxt_4mwg2OuIN3aOEV-gase19SlUujQUhg-IkgvCzSRhpQ8CIy-t1hlnbUs7M7xNAiGRQQZUinbadUeky-sskQcM61DlZKIoHPal1l6F7IuJCHIGQPdOTP2U5f4yU6qrRnpsfhmIO9WdwN38ej-AeCM4Q2Z09BHumiKHWYz72H9QBLlBu4KLyuZlXu-e0fM7LcspTGnFciUfhhgqdDcas0F3DeIFajH9UTervyfIF4m7nu4ohhNvR-gW4r8zDA1zrcdf_OqLzRqL2yF6gx65aSpBacodugdHHOhNjokaOO9xLzX2uCQBC9AG9zl2-Kxx3z58aVCyotqBZlTp9qe8aHpz0YPdXA0Csjd-Dhus7OmdJxKD_CbF0HNHifkTKDp81Vlas-aaVqVRNLlHNQzdOiHSeig6tGVLYfv47067Vo40z9_XDdsxPZjbCQjuyVr5_5H_Py7QPgQTLCzMN45a1MuKSQkDEKjlirqL5hiShNCalBmnEBYgDxTMHi6l7B_jalz1VJPYHtebsTC6bmfmAaOtIZOYr4kiYqwpb00dRntrco4feev7ZxDnzZ6mpud-VNxjP4c-g"
    },
    "traditionalPublicKey": {
        "kid": "key-0",
        "kty": "EC",
        "crv": "P-256",
        "x": "f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU",
        "y": "x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0"
    }
  }
}

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
    "algId": "id-MLDSA65-P256",
    "pqPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "ML-DSA",
      "alg": "ML-DSA-65",
      "pub": "-1nlFKfO2TGDDr-29gZ1CmxJFfgq25PqCkzZPcaeQkJBNTU_RDZzbKmKAkJzD1KYgge4zAkT7l0xwSCVVIBFS8-Eg6edDcJXCJSLzRyDE8GV8bQ-a0KJCBawzNUht-z-Av6qo8eUiJSOJ2o_qVuKWP8wExXZtxARWnakDAJRwfGwOOov2ztsLt6RNbERHkVNxqd4ZULmE39emC4rHT2vXBtG7F47VQjoG4I5u_xB3EqslcW0BUkG-ABBtc8Bx4SDE5yYLF_3cgO5IUDUetmQPk1fcpbBW6nR8FM2ajbGdSYekMzIpy9f5oDBPU_pu5xi16wO-45PA4bYGPPBmUDLznaVR4oneZiTh1K8Mq_5UBC3bpVMqnijlyNnB8PAM-6CSxDPO7u2FKLrlkGGI9STD6oMO_nWY2OHcdj2q8UZmIteaJlu-lZjc28er43eSSe-jLpPnkx9gGBDgyFltJDhRGTBj1ymwzK6mN0jNrHRANcBWmwhCuozC38py51ccHxzq_rgpwTr3MPSlL6sFp_FlFKUgRwRrbO9n_T_iriXpdLb3aUQkeqJyFgYK953_6qL45W0sKghpi4T5PVu8gqRH4E1mz-HXTdB4mvY1RFQP-qaD4AAxTvaKkn6FGJEN6sk8UQlbKpeG9ZtI0CO4-H7vdLn24X5SiB7RtMnX-zh2tVB0FW3lLUwKSOCYu0FZRdrgDQGOZ9M9N7sSwAztNdwLIhG-sSP-nl37Tn4RxjXmunIELjUGxbd9eDOX4LaCHiGAA8uV-winl4qZwfowq7kl_PQGj06SRXtTZoJkQbC21G3JoWdvvKp1i1tHnXtYoDhZWRzdWk_AE1Y7n7QT2qJu3GDRu2MAA-ch6YOzuYsoE-cwd1AsS6bnFNbZEq8V9zneXTArGR69iax8xolD1RnBs9fzCeMZxb-ww3orh_LZo1w0FIvFgglL8uY_n4pFTH6bRXS_JXherOqUwqr55Auy0BP5sumDiSNa8gb_p1nTNUWzruGNH-L3ALLsuno1DOrnKo2CVKTraET6wWport5sitcz931f7XEIVrzmUleTzbk48reykAJZUPXCG9XCHSP04fnszE4EY6csx86LvMfxEOHrnhzfZnoVj3IPUObiL5Z3xxOygv3INDNICZaaOgkVkjSR9KYnhIg6c7WAaUzU5fdmBfL5bf1K6m5MkEtLvYvmVp0hbtYy7-eo02y9RHv6PYYp4JkXKW6zva4_fG6l-g8_VwBWUenF6qPGY4SLo79Q40qU2p7jmhrjHu8vdAOi2bfpOItP2Te-5LoqkOqchpu8ndwKAzNWMdahVNLfuZAx9qZBNca2QaowCkkssu5Tm-R_LtRzWW0yQW78kdDjTcOio-pqtaoaFd6q2xZiHLPAEF6t8lePYF6e0KGyOgujQEPZ3cGq5-fSTbDZ7DNGu632wzcCsbOYUV-5z-hHEbVU8iaYlOiQnfRYUk6ehzu1dl8wItIishxd-Oqs_yFUpkjXrWxtHPCpkSATu29ckZjgh6VSRZY1UPIockqMFZFQBy4E-NkPROt-rVYW29Znc0fINXvkSVYWR-wN9MdJzN09UsLUo_6AOoWiKqOYko0LaUVwQ3KXdvFt6ApnTQ1vogsC--aJD93B371q2ZKOfXdihpMizjolDw-RcnjVJj3-Kb1fqXXF3o9uhAtwPOuGlIynQiqfihOLFSA7xVHGm3NffZKYzkaTOj1LL_8DwjFydfsIDI_QUnybrqMmV0cH4uvY8AAPVimZPRNAOeNu0oOy2E6MlX2CC5ATntBcXMmLpgZ7u-k6Q_gJMBQfr8qhul96GOTbSMMIzFXp0A1lOY8Cj61J2s408OFPAdPW6KuFmXgyPjxYf-eX-Y1YyuzMGsUAEszOfiUoGH0z7a5n1VwtDwKCHERo3O3VnnimT9wbyRPHWaymTVn9CYxdlF0x6pdsMmrPIB6snhZX8JJXx-eczFyVtrQZbjQeg-G317RivOAtnjGeZ_j39z_-9caGCcnrbnodAqVEcD8c3qLSniBcnVgHNYXPDUb14541kAcdmack1BOMfoislXjIuMXYB_c6Vqvcf55aBAJMejfghjR8b4Axf0-PjJVG8ptwYZqmf0m_M2WlM-779RodwkDwOTYU2QkwOuq4-uBpo83E-0KTPqc88jt89WZMqSdKa873EwX-EZk7Gangy1P8y1bDwKHjnNTMG-morrpN50RaTCvt4IdMygUTHIrmR5j8jCQQupAm2Ae7vMqF_78jIBiIkpvg89nf04MWRwXqCmL7_ytyNucfpEdzKWu4mo9OEkHXMKj9c187qwNE5jbY9jkNzHsVWk3I5cynfdzDdkUOtcic2YeaNFFhbBwSsZckLjOcQFmmo0niVaPcFBG5F4D1AsSJQ5i9_xrXJKmVaSfPIXme3WAD8DufVyNIIUz_VmFWYyh7YcgirSqfabpIyCeG_l4GH44DHJA1_u9OdxG3cioTN2o1yvmYvj02ZxudKAlVQlK1AastEqkb9Eys_vy_F8EvppNEh4WMS5nkXYY3iMx4OtbIYEVUcfj5kKjk6lr2M_20guptFsdp9GG_FwIV4YNtaBkUrj6QRfwWDdu_YU"
    },
    "traditionalPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "EC",
      "crv": "P-256",
      "x": "f83OJ3D2xF1Bg8vub9tLe1gHMzV76e8Tus9uPHvRVEU",
      "y": "x_FEzRu9m36HLN_tue659LNpXW6pCyStikYjKIWI5a0"
    }
  }
}

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
  "algId": "id-MLDSA87-P384",
  "pqPublicKey": {
    "kid": "key-0",
    "kty": "ML-DSA",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-87",
    "pub": "a8vTva_0Bp00H8r3mYY22oqsQxJ7khwV0IDDTjqr6hpZDEVONmo-leplOsY6tPVtwW6igrtF5gshKgr7acaj_6jOWdoo5MXzgRhKg-AT3o6SRno41Je7DC2ahrUbUKQqc9F3NW6L8H3C0b3g5DGmRu3AWIeg10Arg6Gbv6s8aenc0DMk-bP1Q682AiqwY29vI6zitOsPAZ3bp7qibsr4LezXf1DhTlUUQF38tmcDTovg1-BqVA6XTVoCPMdal6X5RwjBU_z9J1VqNmlc4wCbUFmikox57d1qqWY-0Xhig52ihP1CRdYnrcJEKi8W1n3Idv1c5ZF8j0zl9n-bD5IuCeSZi1qqocKFsgzRcWbgWmQiT33W7qoi8htRjRV-STyszFiOTILj6-qmk7rmghkBw9GfS6zrJHics9zHWuelI1aqHkSoa2Nlat8vLDL6FoAxUZiK7DMG0Gl0eNjPEEqu46yRJm7kZ-zIkw8umROUEk_eLqXXxvMoEJSJ2yg1TVDg3P0KIg14-8i59dH9qz1pDcM_iwRSr_renfKS0-y5PEI3B-Cj9LfY_zvab4l9P5kontns0y_lr33WmxtrfaykBNFy94_46STfnhvi0goG6A-CzLJUSFlv8_e1SVfa3fB2vgV5xahF0FReGVgxEhbkb9zTRB6UB27N6HxsS1T5u7uOFgCGCRfv0TREeb2XHVYOttPMUV9w7Kc4-iKWpkCBdowkb9-EWYX6hvnOnT57Q3Oa2KZC9fvELSkMy_f-HfEF1NMUEhJdTkUpy4m6HdfHPVrzNV71PxAtI0S2RdolF572np6GOts0FXnZAjuplKqjrzDHQHNrC5PVzu9YsKWiwjQBRHnu4EdKZzC24AU46MIAWuA-hSZARyi5dSxqkZLJYjs_-TcKSuOlzDlWTMHahpnaoDkQ9xjj4oqEjMefea4ULqzt8YaxJtd54-knF5dQUOGBmieyJUKRcVa6i4PgR4_kd72b7S11tTx1TB5bHvmsA99YuwTjNpw5u2c4-Qh-fjWhwcbcOrUomnxcIlspBtJxtFhSNqCrg6ZJg1FE_cDRAMVNuSPNlIwPjQ3serGo_O0BBneeZ53j5EecC8onRGhwGtNRchYYEBJLaKKkw8ok9-uzjGXblAY409BOhlWCAoP4sBr6F35OmiTm1_tNdP28GPO3G4jXCQ-XSiOfN7dMutdX3zAl4S3Ny4P2Q8rzLewEtK83cibsjvfVRZ-UQr-Q2dREi2VFLfCbldJ6A6-tEHZ2ObFT2PNlwX0BdMqPlb00AU2Ae4_UGqWRFAoHzjwrAhvUEWGHxfzeKciudSQK2lSO_i94J-yK01RbQKJ-ZEfC86XaI91cxAsxADU_4IhijLw9-Nv8qKndWC292Ftw8HH6LKhBmv18sxle8DO1y5vkfT6d8a-9GkecHL3Xyj_ckth2zUPCCIn-OJ-yapPmcgi7rnI-2Gq1c0MuL39dHIik9aB9u3Qtm27BaPujT6myOzPktqTco6nPSkFHSshwnKuXHv_wXJjMMWk3qZaOhYCyOCvPnrekZNyBB-uooGcdn4yfBGT7ANGKg1lPP6DaCFHI0BpDhdV9DArCrUp5PLWi2sgmY_YWztcDrB9Q-GbEUd-e_fzpW5BacPYNw-DcgDUJxV068WNy0uwSV4Tfo6Bw4h2CFuYtfTqRxYYWavepHB4NjMUARy29s_4KBB0Mt0f2Fp16UBHfGOZiYP_16kp1NtYfPrENxsdySX5ZtVrVm8D7Fyq34_rRwiI-JBOJLbLMJdceckrvgZuEwzDeeEsnaKSJ4eiHu3QRWMO3A_WrosKf_CXHoWhz4Xcc2qdQ1g_m4en1c_0IizN9CC92boUsnNLecS6NyDbep7lZHjyQEP3pJzVfCUJXrxMeDtvCuztHaWOglAYmQFXSodroio01fUVxq9Pw5qTqayRCU3rpBt4Ui6x8uF8YMid7_lxOdjQBMoWxX-ej-yTHJ3SxZfOns6aJuH0-W5l1bMbIcknUyGFLonOjeLXVALlfHOMCIBTEnGCqJ68J-YeD8nRSAymzsSabXI3edpc42WkYU9NOZZ4N_8Y7fpu8HX8e60eyIfz5eOTI_LIBK5M2o_cLZIUCQtl6Lt3vrkVMKV7oSOhDUWZzqhj7lTPT_1jn5uANp59bLbGe6VZkXEqVIs0HS6puiR3XMwPHdVaQI0PCjtIRkVN3-vOcnq1W0RJRYdjyd3oefyzXYFcxBhWNIqZDYZ9VB0jA3x7AW1wsWeYZXzeieGViJ8Or_09e41R9PLAFvBdlDl0t1QZa-FiUFl7BWOmvCGazQ-yPsOwz66-zZJZf2b3iNABo46o-dRFsuyTc5x3SIQw9O7QbIrgy1rKXT72MhQhEMxW9qtH0LORb_lJWWM7IQbBfAfc3o1LBlsH2o-nYODtpZOLkUNQFP38BOJ0O41WgcVTBoCxDtB8YmzBXqXwogp5ZBreNScFdrlxwy8xGofMxAB18uPVFSOBSvvIbfRUwIC4SmB5W4zEGX3kPUc_gnNQVx7g29Hd_zqeXGLJjQHw8xkP7abVF6AyNHKaK7Y95IC6e_tKEbxUjRP1MD3fYJHeSUJB7ZokmFPy6kZnErpT77eRYDh7_tRaq-7y58csT76kr-Wz436C58yMRfv-MtHv-FxqRr3CG-50pd_QKUMuQfuWlZyXUsXER2Sp9nQYOEOUvJ9wmiVKp4cXxHHRHJdHFwsrOguUDE3N0ry5jBi0nAn01t786KtgrWlLnJaRgXxO7ocfOWGqgAx_pZdP5RNpa3BtelJDUkmO1vbRNCwRw884aDldRZRvWn-bdNCq8K0jLElgtTSpNrsTRyhMHPUhV1Eaes1KuDyqtIWrjA1_unFRolyadv7NV-7FghYIC1xRzPQRUDV_bSSucYizuRSjrhbvvIZkeEbRO7-O6Hihg047UNmQ23taz9p6QtoPVK52BQH8qxBxpGT0rWttgMYNw0I3V6Q8Y1rgUFd7cKM_meVYVOWJkgLsCuVoJA4euRDcZsY-QY--vUs9-X4BpweJ1vTahXHu0zoPS670BcQRk4hf3XlU5YLXgC_UAm_D7oIXDGe3xFdU76MJKHiEDMjusCG9GpvnwyPZyW9MPdMIMdRdzwENcG8rSXPJ5Y_js4kCFeCpJ9gChcAZ-ELUZvIIPoNuZTlDSeyqoIaroStGLNr15E6-V-8eYjUdfbTCLc1YDuKpKwGsa9-XSvYJjXOVYvh5tArRgBpuE4cxuLL1j7wSNdFzvAbTTOSWbC0NTkwMU5ojsTBx26R1BaFxeb0R-oVlvQYqdlFXYqLnN2gktLlJSgOCqoAExyNiW1RJPVjgMbLZSCygrlS6rox0lhlgSdhjdZmgaMpIW0s1gBGdouhrInwIb-Nft6Tev3ugtzy4D-bg-Lda61q7OLCFUaESppn0CRCnXSleREIYPOTc_xUu78r3sntZe"
  },
  "traditionalPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "EC",
      "crv": "P-384",
      "x": "gakWbm3Elw5D2attP36eFTHWG1K4VcuLfKQY1m9bSAaJXk7gbFxX_UgRxBfgR4f",
      "y": "aTB1BP54ydv0G7o5lHeFeX5zL1Jf9gvtPOhiEnwI0Cw2aeiNjD44zqeqOTFWVVYD"
  }
}
}

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
    "algId": "id-MLDSA44-ED25519",
    "pqPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "ML-DSA",
      "alg": "ML-DSA-44",
      "pub": "0IbUzQGj-Rzaf7xQW_PL0t2nWmoY-y6xcDYxKeJnR2cYiLPwoJ9INp7AJq7xD3dKLCVuQ74TvF9pOG8aRSNGOJElvOrTzKd7CvU-5VaE-DpCxUNk2-oYuxOTO2An51SwtkkX9_YbdOarwScGsWuRNF8ehD5rnButrMt96RBXR9lcMXRlNc1fxhC9sdTDE26MNI5deGaQ3jQCcYMCO1FY1L0ncMy0Vy5tS8Tw3VQ1wsLfCakMPCCUYRCX0nN0kK2K2KjmtGopY8s_PHosY_0cYm4nCq1W3K-ApCGlehY81DU4D_2hR2Hty4qbVFzy3kX4FF6RlD31ysZHGiPosZymj7vgOz_JWrInbFNO-s9xTSXDuj0iEReASI0rF1_tt_358JwYGgTakPrIExwvXgJX8qnRhhH58-mCZoLgbZjmjOxBqINRppCbXPkREgS8nXDQIWVs2fyyWLi3OD5m-tGghp6vgBpv_ZDA0fAHr2Chxowx4gzolTtEim7G39ISXThMTtWG1IAWHOL67Ol19pNLa3mow-IWNyqNfsu6KhFUmjDcbGgiTXcoGlDCaZaGRRuM9CGXdJMmAvbqwzqyPcf-l8OVb45mrMbwDGN9DDZ5cy2oWGm7otkhgix1bh-CDXnr2X8XC6fbD0HUqM8R9mT3O3l1EzUpL8aAhNCQ_r0BuvgcZzuGX-BdEmuy4wpZfXjudX0iZjSIFdUyxw5hVSBaZb-2iQBvUs9EPhPPEBNadZqLFTG6Qv9ejMIg7xKT9wLbqcrpeqqRPhU-vzNC7_ZnTZkhkzWuEFDawCKSXxwMA959eCD2zZ2Z6dihOzojqxlBXt_gPsLtmdIyBK_kNmxUgN34oDViXccre3UABSahFPzI9rtPc4S1JF8IlEG9Anmk0_ufXOEfqK9lA578RFFzusSpkWfsM-8WJ6dTPRbnkVcr8pe5tSGIXXU4e6mpIajHGXbhLhWetBu0ea5vCoPQ23qsPAfnZuRT5AkTTxZ65kxdvRGwWq1XOmaws7IB9RZiv_wqRtAjO0EJEc-hSkLJe4rSmrbBlrWAwlX2OQXZ3B13FMrQW7vC0CdXsrfoBsIc_CtIg_x9kgVaBZeKYkGwJm8vnm3_XA2AIlTsbU3TQbBzwCqH_AVBGPcefjvs5Ip_50Ld1mOl4obR-Mxt_4mwg2OuIN3aOEV-gase19SlUujQUhg-IkgvCzSRhpQ8CIy-t1hlnbUs7M7xNAiGRQQZUinbadUeky-sskQcM61DlZKIoHPal1l6F7IuJCHIGQPdOTP2U5f4yU6qrRnpsfhmIO9WdwN38ej-AeCM4Q2Z09BHumiKHWYz72H9QBLlBu4KLyuZlXu-e0fM7LcspTGnFciUfhhgqdDcas0F3DeIFajH9UTervyfIF4m7nu4ohhNvR-gW4r8zDA1zrcdf_OqLzRqL2yF6gx65aSpBacodugdHHOhNjokaOO9xLzX2uCQBC9AG9zl2-Kxx3z58aVCyotqBZlTp9qe8aHpz0YPdXA0Csjd-Dhus7OmdJxKD_CbF0HNHifkTKDp81Vlas-aaVqVRNLlHNQzdOiHSeig6tGVLYfv47067Vo40z9_XDdsxPZjbCQjuyVr5_5H_Py7QPgQTLCzMN45a1MuKSQkDEKjlirqL5hiShNCalBmnEBYgDxTMHi6l7B_jalz1VJPYHtebsTC6bmfmAaOtIZOYr4kiYqwpb00dRntrco4feev7ZxDnzZ6mpud-VNxjP4c-g"
    },
    "traditionalPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "OKP", 
      "crv": "Ed25519",
      "x": "0X-QEhA0qbmbRTtoupKNnmE0u_H_1XK6V3KORTwP990"
    }
  }
}

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
    "algId": "id-MLDSA65-ED25519",
    "pqPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "ML-DSA",
      "alg": "ML-DSA-65",
      "pub": "-1nlFKfO2TGDDr-29gZ1CmxJFfgq25PqCkzZPcaeQkJBNTU_RDZzbKmKAkJzD1KYgge4zAkT7l0xwSCVVIBFS8-Eg6edDcJXCJSLzRyDE8GV8bQ-a0KJCBawzNUht-z-Av6qo8eUiJSOJ2o_qVuKWP8wExXZtxARWnakDAJRwfGwOOov2ztsLt6RNbERHkVNxqd4ZULmE39emC4rHT2vXBtG7F47VQjoG4I5u_xB3EqslcW0BUkG-ABBtc8Bx4SDE5yYLF_3cgO5IUDUetmQPk1fcpbBW6nR8FM2ajbGdSYekMzIpy9f5oDBPU_pu5xi16wO-45PA4bYGPPBmUDLznaVR4oneZiTh1K8Mq_5UBC3bpVMqnijlyNnB8PAM-6CSxDPO7u2FKLrlkGGI9STD6oMO_nWY2OHcdj2q8UZmIteaJlu-lZjc28er43eSSe-jLpPnkx9gGBDgyFltJDhRGTBj1ymwzK6mN0jNrHRANcBWmwhCuozC38py51ccHxzq_rgpwTr3MPSlL6sFp_FlFKUgRwRrbO9n_T_iriXpdLb3aUQkeqJyFgYK953_6qL45W0sKghpi4T5PVu8gqRH4E1mz-HXTdB4mvY1RFQP-qaD4AAxTvaKkn6FGJEN6sk8UQlbKpeG9ZtI0CO4-H7vdLn24X5SiB7RtMnX-zh2tVB0FW3lLUwKSOCYu0FZRdrgDQGOZ9M9N7sSwAztNdwLIhG-sSP-nl37Tn4RxjXmunIELjUGxbd9eDOX4LaCHiGAA8uV-winl4qZwfowq7kl_PQGj06SRXtTZoJkQbC21G3JoWdvvKp1i1tHnXtYoDhZWRzdWk_AE1Y7n7QT2qJu3GDRu2MAA-ch6YOzuYsoE-cwd1AsS6bnFNbZEq8V9zneXTArGR69iax8xolD1RnBs9fzCeMZxb-ww3orh_LZo1w0FIvFgglL8uY_n4pFTH6bRXS_JXherOqUwqr55Auy0BP5sumDiSNa8gb_p1nTNUWzruGNH-L3ALLsuno1DOrnKo2CVKTraET6wWport5sitcz931f7XEIVrzmUleTzbk48reykAJZUPXCG9XCHSP04fnszE4EY6csx86LvMfxEOHrnhzfZnoVj3IPUObiL5Z3xxOygv3INDNICZaaOgkVkjSR9KYnhIg6c7WAaUzU5fdmBfL5bf1K6m5MkEtLvYvmVp0hbtYy7-eo02y9RHv6PYYp4JkXKW6zva4_fG6l-g8_VwBWUenF6qPGY4SLo79Q40qU2p7jmhrjHu8vdAOi2bfpOItP2Te-5LoqkOqchpu8ndwKAzNWMdahVNLfuZAx9qZBNca2QaowCkkssu5Tm-R_LtRzWW0yQW78kdDjTcOio-pqtaoaFd6q2xZiHLPAEF6t8lePYF6e0KGyOgujQEPZ3cGq5-fSTbDZ7DNGu632wzcCsbOYUV-5z-hHEbVU8iaYlOiQnfRYUk6ehzu1dl8wItIishxd-Oqs_yFUpkjXrWxtHPCpkSATu29ckZjgh6VSRZY1UPIockqMFZFQBy4E-NkPROt-rVYW29Znc0fINXvkSVYWR-wN9MdJzN09UsLUo_6AOoWiKqOYko0LaUVwQ3KXdvFt6ApnTQ1vogsC--aJD93B371q2ZKOfXdihpMizjolDw-RcnjVJj3-Kb1fqXXF3o9uhAtwPOuGlIynQiqfihOLFSA7xVHGm3NffZKYzkaTOj1LL_8DwjFydfsIDI_QUnybrqMmV0cH4uvY8AAPVimZPRNAOeNu0oOy2E6MlX2CC5ATntBcXMmLpgZ7u-k6Q_gJMBQfr8qhul96GOTbSMMIzFXp0A1lOY8Cj61J2s408OFPAdPW6KuFmXgyPjxYf-eX-Y1YyuzMGsUAEszOfiUoGH0z7a5n1VwtDwKCHERo3O3VnnimT9wbyRPHWaymTVn9CYxdlF0x6pdsMmrPIB6snhZX8JJXx-eczFyVtrQZbjQeg-G317RivOAtnjGeZ_j39z_-9caGCcnrbnodAqVEcD8c3qLSniBcnVgHNYXPDUb14541kAcdmack1BOMfoislXjIuMXYB_c6Vqvcf55aBAJMejfghjR8b4Axf0-PjJVG8ptwYZqmf0m_M2WlM-779RodwkDwOTYU2QkwOuq4-uBpo83E-0KTPqc88jt89WZMqSdKa873EwX-EZk7Gangy1P8y1bDwKHjnNTMG-morrpN50RaTCvt4IdMygUTHIrmR5j8jCQQupAm2Ae7vMqF_78jIBiIkpvg89nf04MWRwXqCmL7_ytyNucfpEdzKWu4mo9OEkHXMKj9c187qwNE5jbY9jkNzHsVWk3I5cynfdzDdkUOtcic2YeaNFFhbBwSsZckLjOcQFmmo0niVaPcFBG5F4D1AsSJQ5i9_xrXJKmVaSfPIXme3WAD8DufVyNIIUz_VmFWYyh7YcgirSqfabpIyCeG_l4GH44DHJA1_u9OdxG3cioTN2o1yvmYvj02ZxudKAlVQlK1AastEqkb9Eys_vy_F8EvppNEh4WMS5nkXYY3iMx4OtbIYEVUcfj5kKjk6lr2M_20guptFsdp9GG_FwIV4YNtaBkUrj6QRfwWDdu_YU"
    },
    "traditionalPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "OKP", 
      "crv": "Ed25519",
      "x": "0X-QEhA0qbmbRTtoupKNnmE0u_H_1XK6V3KORTwP990"
    }
  }
}

{
 "id": "https://example.com/issuer/123#key-0",
 "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
 "controller": "https://example.com/issuer/123",
 "compositeJwk": {
  "algId": "id-MLDSA87-ED448",
  "pqPublicKey": {
    "kid": "key-0",
    "kty": "ML-DSA",
    "alg": "ML-DSA-87",
    "pub": "a8vTva_0Bp00H8r3mYY22oqsQxJ7khwV0IDDTjqr6hpZDEVONmo-leplOsY6tPVtwW6igrtF5gshKgr7acaj_6jOWdoo5MXzgRhKg-AT3o6SRno41Je7DC2ahrUbUKQqc9F3NW6L8H3C0b3g5DGmRu3AWIeg10Arg6Gbv6s8aenc0DMk-bP1Q682AiqwY29vI6zitOsPAZ3bp7qibsr4LezXf1DhTlUUQF38tmcDTovg1-BqVA6XTVoCPMdal6X5RwjBU_z9J1VqNmlc4wCbUFmikox57d1qqWY-0Xhig52ihP1CRdYnrcJEKi8W1n3Idv1c5ZF8j0zl9n-bD5IuCeSZi1qqocKFsgzRcWbgWmQiT33W7qoi8htRjRV-STyszFiOTILj6-qmk7rmghkBw9GfS6zrJHics9zHWuelI1aqHkSoa2Nlat8vLDL6FoAxUZiK7DMG0Gl0eNjPEEqu46yRJm7kZ-zIkw8umROUEk_eLqXXxvMoEJSJ2yg1TVDg3P0KIg14-8i59dH9qz1pDcM_iwRSr_renfKS0-y5PEI3B-Cj9LfY_zvab4l9P5kontns0y_lr33WmxtrfaykBNFy94_46STfnhvi0goG6A-CzLJUSFlv8_e1SVfa3fB2vgV5xahF0FReGVgxEhbkb9zTRB6UB27N6HxsS1T5u7uOFgCGCRfv0TREeb2XHVYOttPMUV9w7Kc4-iKWpkCBdowkb9-EWYX6hvnOnT57Q3Oa2KZC9fvELSkMy_f-HfEF1NMUEhJdTkUpy4m6HdfHPVrzNV71PxAtI0S2RdolF572np6GOts0FXnZAjuplKqjrzDHQHNrC5PVzu9YsKWiwjQBRHnu4EdKZzC24AU46MIAWuA-hSZARyi5dSxqkZLJYjs_-TcKSuOlzDlWTMHahpnaoDkQ9xjj4oqEjMefea4ULqzt8YaxJtd54-knF5dQUOGBmieyJUKRcVa6i4PgR4_kd72b7S11tTx1TB5bHvmsA99YuwTjNpw5u2c4-Qh-fjWhwcbcOrUomnxcIlspBtJxtFhSNqCrg6ZJg1FE_cDRAMVNuSPNlIwPjQ3serGo_O0BBneeZ53j5EecC8onRGhwGtNRchYYEBJLaKKkw8ok9-uzjGXblAY409BOhlWCAoP4sBr6F35OmiTm1_tNdP28GPO3G4jXCQ-XSiOfN7dMutdX3zAl4S3Ny4P2Q8rzLewEtK83cibsjvfVRZ-UQr-Q2dREi2VFLfCbldJ6A6-tEHZ2ObFT2PNlwX0BdMqPlb00AU2Ae4_UGqWRFAoHzjwrAhvUEWGHxfzeKciudSQK2lSO_i94J-yK01RbQKJ-ZEfC86XaI91cxAsxADU_4IhijLw9-Nv8qKndWC292Ftw8HH6LKhBmv18sxle8DO1y5vkfT6d8a-9GkecHL3Xyj_ckth2zUPCCIn-OJ-yapPmcgi7rnI-2Gq1c0MuL39dHIik9aB9u3Qtm27BaPujT6myOzPktqTco6nPSkFHSshwnKuXHv_wXJjMMWk3qZaOhYCyOCvPnrekZNyBB-uooGcdn4yfBGT7ANGKg1lPP6DaCFHI0BpDhdV9DArCrUp5PLWi2sgmY_YWztcDrB9Q-GbEUd-e_fzpW5BacPYNw-DcgDUJxV068WNy0uwSV4Tfo6Bw4h2CFuYtfTqRxYYWavepHB4NjMUARy29s_4KBB0Mt0f2Fp16UBHfGOZiYP_16kp1NtYfPrENxsdySX5ZtVrVm8D7Fyq34_rRwiI-JBOJLbLMJdceckrvgZuEwzDeeEsnaKSJ4eiHu3QRWMO3A_WrosKf_CXHoWhz4Xcc2qdQ1g_m4en1c_0IizN9CC92boUsnNLecS6NyDbep7lZHjyQEP3pJzVfCUJXrxMeDtvCuztHaWOglAYmQFXSodroio01fUVxq9Pw5qTqayRCU3rpBt4Ui6x8uF8YMid7_lxOdjQBMoWxX-ej-yTHJ3SxZfOns6aJuH0-W5l1bMbIcknUyGFLonOjeLXVALlfHOMCIBTEnGCqJ68J-YeD8nRSAymzsSabXI3edpc42WkYU9NOZZ4N_8Y7fpu8HX8e60eyIfz5eOTI_LIBK5M2o_cLZIUCQtl6Lt3vrkVMKV7oSOhDUWZzqhj7lTPT_1jn5uANp59bLbGe6VZkXEqVIs0HS6puiR3XMwPHdVaQI0PCjtIRkVN3-vOcnq1W0RJRYdjyd3oefyzXYFcxBhWNIqZDYZ9VB0jA3x7AW1wsWeYZXzeieGViJ8Or_09e41R9PLAFvBdlDl0t1QZa-FiUFl7BWOmvCGazQ-yPsOwz66-zZJZf2b3iNABo46o-dRFsuyTc5x3SIQw9O7QbIrgy1rKXT72MhQhEMxW9qtH0LORb_lJWWM7IQbBfAfc3o1LBlsH2o-nYODtpZOLkUNQFP38BOJ0O41WgcVTBoCxDtB8YmzBXqXwogp5ZBreNScFdrlxwy8xGofMxAB18uPVFSOBSvvIbfRUwIC4SmB5W4zEGX3kPUc_gnNQVx7g29Hd_zqeXGLJjQHw8xkP7abVF6AyNHKaK7Y95IC6e_tKEbxUjRP1MD3fYJHeSUJB7ZokmFPy6kZnErpT77eRYDh7_tRaq-7y58csT76kr-Wz436C58yMRfv-MtHv-FxqRr3CG-50pd_QKUMuQfuWlZyXUsXER2Sp9nQYOEOUvJ9wmiVKp4cXxHHRHJdHFwsrOguUDE3N0ry5jBi0nAn01t786KtgrWlLnJaRgXxO7ocfOWGqgAx_pZdP5RNpa3BtelJDUkmO1vbRNCwRw884aDldRZRvWn-bdNCq8K0jLElgtTSpNrsTRyhMHPUhV1Eaes1KuDyqtIWrjA1_unFRolyadv7NV-7FghYIC1xRzPQRUDV_bSSucYizuRSjrhbvvIZkeEbRO7-O6Hihg047UNmQ23taz9p6QtoPVK52BQH8qxBxpGT0rWttgMYNw0I3V6Q8Y1rgUFd7cKM_meVYVOWJkgLsCuVoJA4euRDcZsY-QY--vUs9-X4BpweJ1vTahXHu0zoPS670BcQRk4hf3XlU5YLXgC_UAm_D7oIXDGe3xFdU76MJKHiEDMjusCG9GpvnwyPZyW9MPdMIMdRdzwENcG8rSXPJ5Y_js4kCFeCpJ9gChcAZ-ELUZvIIPoNuZTlDSeyqoIaroStGLNr15E6-V-8eYjUdfbTCLc1YDuKpKwGsa9-XSvYJjXOVYvh5tArRgBpuE4cxuLL1j7wSNdFzvAbTTOSWbC0NTkwMU5ojsTBx26R1BaFxeb0R-oVlvQYqdlFXYqLnN2gktLlJSgOCqoAExyNiW1RJPVjgMbLZSCygrlS6rox0lhlgSdhjdZmgaMpIW0s1gBGdouhrInwIb-Nft6Tev3ugtzy4D-bg-Lda61q7OLCFUaESppn0CRCnXSleREIYPOTc_xUu78r3sntZe"
  },
  "traditionalPublicKey": {
      "kid": "key-0",
      "kty": "OKP", 
      "crv": "Ed448",
      "x": "GhMR4aZWgygPxQgKfqvriwaznQEqUJI0gOPwQhHCxGFTBMHKlc6HlbWyiQL7pjFG7nzlxTXbpkSA"
  }
}
}

{
  "@context": [
    "https://www.w3.org/ns/did/v1",
    "https://w3id.org/security/jwk/v1"
  ],
  "id": "did:example:123",
  "verificationMethod": [{
    "id": "did:example:123#key-0",
    "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
    "controller": "did:example:123",
    "compositeJwk": {
      "algId": "id-MLDSA65-Ed25519",
      "pqPublicKey": {
        "kid": "key-0",
        "kty": "ML-DSA",
        "alg": "ML-DSA-65",
        "pub": "-1nlFKfO2TGDDr-29gZ1CmxJFfgq25PqCkzZPcaeQkJBNTU_RDZzbKmKAkJzD1KYgge4zAkT7l0xwSCVVIBFS8-Eg6edDcJXCJSLzRyDE8GV8bQ-a0KJCBawzNUht-z-Av6qo8eUiJSOJ2o_qVuKWP8wExXZtxARWnakDAJRwfGwOOov2ztsLt6RNbERHkVNxqd4ZULmE39emC4rHT2vXBtG7F47VQjoG4I5u_xB3EqslcW0BUkG-ABBtc8Bx4SDE5yYLF_3cgO5IUDUetmQPk1fcpbBW6nR8FM2ajbGdSYekMzIpy9f5oDBPU_pu5xi16wO-45PA4bYGPPBmUDLznaVR4oneZiTh1K8Mq_5UBC3bpVMqnijlyNnB8PAM-6CSxDPO7u2FKLrlkGGI9STD6oMO_nWY2OHcdj2q8UZmIteaJlu-lZjc28er43eSSe-jLpPnkx9gGBDgyFltJDhRGTBj1ymwzK6mN0jNrHRANcBWmwhCuozC38py51ccHxzq_rgpwTr3MPSlL6sFp_FlFKUgRwRrbO9n_T_iriXpdLb3aUQkeqJyFgYK953_6qL45W0sKghpi4T5PVu8gqRH4E1mz-HXTdB4mvY1RFQP-qaD4AAxTvaKkn6FGJEN6sk8UQlbKpeG9ZtI0CO4-H7vdLn24X5SiB7RtMnX-zh2tVB0FW3lLUwKSOCYu0FZRdrgDQGOZ9M9N7sSwAztNdwLIhG-sSP-nl37Tn4RxjXmunIELjUGxbd9eDOX4LaCHiGAA8uV-winl4qZwfowq7kl_PQGj06SRXtTZoJkQbC21G3JoWdvvKp1i1tHnXtYoDhZWRzdWk_AE1Y7n7QT2qJu3GDRu2MAA-ch6YOzuYsoE-cwd1AsS6bnFNbZEq8V9zneXTArGR69iax8xolD1RnBs9fzCeMZxb-ww3orh_LZo1w0FIvFgglL8uY_n4pFTH6bRXS_JXherOqUwqr55Auy0BP5sumDiSNa8gb_p1nTNUWzruGNH-L3ALLsuno1DOrnKo2CVKTraET6wWport5sitcz931f7XEIVrzmUleTzbk48reykAJZUPXCG9XCHSP04fnszE4EY6csx86LvMfxEOHrnhzfZnoVj3IPUObiL5Z3xxOygv3INDNICZaaOgkVkjSR9KYnhIg6c7WAaUzU5fdmBfL5bf1K6m5MkEtLvYvmVp0hbtYy7-eo02y9RHv6PYYp4JkXKW6zva4_fG6l-g8_VwBWUenF6qPGY4SLo79Q40qU2p7jmhrjHu8vdAOi2bfpOItP2Te-5LoqkOqchpu8ndwKAzNWMdahVNLfuZAx9qZBNca2QaowCkkssu5Tm-R_LtRzWW0yQW78kdDjTcOio-pqtaoaFd6q2xZiHLPAEF6t8lePYF6e0KGyOgujQEPZ3cGq5-fSTbDZ7DNGu632wzcCsbOYUV-5z-hHEbVU8iaYlOiQnfRYUk6ehzu1dl8wItIishxd-Oqs_yFUpkjXrWxtHPCpkSATu29ckZjgh6VSRZY1UPIockqMFZFQBy4E-NkPROt-rVYW29Znc0fINXvkSVYWR-wN9MdJzN09UsLUo_6AOoWiKqOYko0LaUVwQ3KXdvFt6ApnTQ1vogsC--aJD93B371q2ZKOfXdihpMizjolDw-RcnjVJj3-Kb1fqXXF3o9uhAtwPOuGlIynQiqfihOLFSA7xVHGm3NffZKYzkaTOj1LL_8DwjFydfsIDI_QUnybrqMmV0cH4uvY8AAPVimZPRNAOeNu0oOy2E6MlX2CC5ATntBcXMmLpgZ7u-k6Q_gJMBQfr8qhul96GOTbSMMIzFXp0A1lOY8Cj61J2s408OFPAdPW6KuFmXgyPjxYf-eX-Y1YyuzMGsUAEszOfiUoGH0z7a5n1VwtDwKCHERo3O3VnnimT9wbyRPHWaymTVn9CYxdlF0x6pdsMmrPIB6snhZX8JJXx-eczFyVtrQZbjQeg-G317RivOAtnjGeZ_j39z_-9caGCcnrbnodAqVEcD8c3qLSniBcnVgHNYXPDUb14541kAcdmack1BOMfoislXjIuMXYB_c6Vqvcf55aBAJMejfghjR8b4Axf0-PjJVG8ptwYZqmf0m_M2WlM-779RodwkDwOTYU2QkwOuq4-uBpo83E-0KTPqc88jt89WZMqSdKa873EwX-EZk7Gangy1P8y1bDwKHjnNTMG-morrpN50RaTCvt4IdMygUTHIrmR5j8jCQQupAm2Ae7vMqF_78jIBiIkpvg89nf04MWRwXqCmL7_ytyNucfpEdzKWu4mo9OEkHXMKj9c187qwNE5jbY9jkNzHsVWk3I5cynfdzDdkUOtcic2YeaNFFhbBwSsZckLjOcQFmmo0niVaPcFBG5F4D1AsSJQ5i9_xrXJKmVaSfPIXme3WAD8DufVyNIIUz_VmFWYyh7YcgirSqfabpIyCeG_l4GH44DHJA1_u9OdxG3cioTN2o1yvmYvj02ZxudKAlVQlK1AastEqkb9Eys_vy_F8EvppNEh4WMS5nkXYY3iMx4OtbIYEVUcfj5kKjk6lr2M_20guptFsdp9GG_FwIV4YNtaBkUrj6QRfwWDdu_YU"
      },
      "traditionalPublicKey": {
        "kid": "key-0",
        "kty": "OKP", 
        "crv": "Ed25519",
        "x": "0X-QEhA0qbmbRTtoupKNnmE0u_H_1XK6V3KORTwP990"
      }
  }{
    "id": "did:example:123#key-1",
    "type": "CompositeJsonWebKey",
    "controller": "did:example:123",
    "compositeJwk": {
      "algId": "id-MLDSA44-Ed25519",
      "pqPublicKey": {
        "kid": "key-1",
        "kty": "ML-DSA",
        "alg": "ML-DSA-44",
        "pub": "0IbUzQGj-Rzaf7xQW_PL0t2nWmoY-y6xcDYxKeJnR2cYiLPwoJ9INp7AJq7xD3dKLCVuQ74TvF9pOG8aRSNGOJElvOrTzKd7CvU-5VaE-DpCxUNk2-oYuxOTO2An51SwtkkX9_YbdOarwScGsWuRNF8ehD5rnButrMt96RBXR9lcMXRlNc1fxhC9sdTDE26MNI5deGaQ3jQCcYMCO1FY1L0ncMy0Vy5tS8Tw3VQ1wsLfCakMPCCUYRCX0nN0kK2K2KjmtGopY8s_PHosY_0cYm4nCq1W3K-ApCGlehY81DU4D_2hR2Hty4qbVFzy3kX4FF6RlD31ysZHGiPosZymj7vgOz_JWrInbFNO-s9xTSXDuj0iEReASI0rF1_tt_358JwYGgTakPrIExwvXgJX8qnRhhH58-mCZoLgbZjmjOxBqINRppCbXPkREgS8nXDQIWVs2fyyWLi3OD5m-tGghp6vgBpv_ZDA0fAHr2Chxowx4gzolTtEim7G39ISXThMTtWG1IAWHOL67Ol19pNLa3mow-IWNyqNfsu6KhFUmjDcbGgiTXcoGlDCaZaGRRuM9CGXdJMmAvbqwzqyPcf-l8OVb45mrMbwDGN9DDZ5cy2oWGm7otkhgix1bh-CDXnr2X8XC6fbD0HUqM8R9mT3O3l1EzUpL8aAhNCQ_r0BuvgcZzuGX-BdEmuy4wpZfXjudX0iZjSIFdUyxw5hVSBaZb-2iQBvUs9EPhPPEBNadZqLFTG6Qv9ejMIg7xKT9wLbqcrpeqqRPhU-vzNC7_ZnTZkhkzWuEFDawCKSXxwMA959eCD2zZ2Z6dihOzojqxlBXt_gPsLtmdIyBK_kNmxUgN34oDViXccre3UABSahFPzI9rtPc4S1JF8IlEG9Anmk0_ufXOEfqK9lA578RFFzusSpkWfsM-8WJ6dTPRbnkVcr8pe5tSGIXXU4e6mpIajHGXbhLhWetBu0ea5vCoPQ23qsPAfnZuRT5AkTTxZ65kxdvRGwWq1XOmaws7IB9RZiv_wqRtAjO0EJEc-hSkLJe4rSmrbBlrWAwlX2OQXZ3B13FMrQW7vC0CdXsrfoBsIc_CtIg_x9kgVaBZeKYkGwJm8vnm3_XA2AIlTsbU3TQbBzwCqH_AVBGPcefjvs5Ip_50Ld1mOl4obR-Mxt_4mwg2OuIN3aOEV-gase19SlUujQUhg-IkgvCzSRhpQ8CIy-t1hlnbUs7M7xNAiGRQQZUinbadUeky-sskQcM61DlZKIoHPal1l6F7IuJCHIGQPdOTP2U5f4yU6qrRnpsfhmIO9WdwN38ej-AeCM4Q2Z09BHumiKHWYz72H9QBLlBu4KLyuZlXu-e0fM7LcspTGnFciUfhhgqdDcas0F3DeIFajH9UTervyfIF4m7nu4ohhNvR-gW4r8zDA1zrcdf_OqLzRqL2yF6gx65aSpBacodugdHHOhNjokaOO9xLzX2uCQBC9AG9zl2-Kxx3z58aVCyotqBZlTp9qe8aHpz0YPdXA0Csjd-Dhus7OmdJxKD_CbF0HNHifkTKDp81Vlas-aaVqVRNLlHNQzdOiHSeig6tGVLYfv47067Vo40z9_XDdsxPZjbCQjuyVr5_5H_Py7QPgQTLCzMN45a1MuKSQkDEKjlirqL5hiShNCalBmnEBYgDxTMHi6l7B_jalz1VJPYHtebsTC6bmfmAaOtIZOYr4kiYqwpb00dRntrco4feev7ZxDnzZ6mpud-VNxjP4c-g"
      },
      "traditionalPublicKey": {
        "kid": "key-1",
        "kty": "OKP", 
        "crv": "Ed25519",
        "x": "0X-QEhA0qbmbRTtoupKNnmE0u_H_1XK6V3KORTwP990"
      }
  }],
  "assertionMethod": [
    "did:example:123#key-0"
  ],
  "authentication": [
    "did:example:123#key-1"
  ]
}

Proof Representations

This section details the proof representation formats that are defined by this specification.

DataIntegrityProof

A proof contains the attributes specified in the Proofs section of VC-DATA-INTEGRITY with the following restrictions.

The type property of the proof MUST be DataIntegrityProof.

The cryptosuite property of the proof MUST be experimental-ml-dsa-ecdsa-2025 or experimental-ml-dsa-eddsa-2025 based on the composite used.

The value of the proofValue property of the proof MUST be produced as the concatenation of ML-DSA-44 with ECDSA or EdDSA signatures produced according to using the algorithms specified in section 3, encoded according to [[FIPS-204]] and ECDSA or EdDSA [[FIPS-186-5]], then encoded using the base-64-url-nopad header and alphabet as described in the Multibase section of [[VC-DATA-INTEGRITY]].

EXAMPLE 13: A composite ML-DSA-44/Ed25519 hybrid digital signature expressed as a DataIntegrityProof

{
  ...
  "proof": {
    "type": "DataIntegrityProof",
    "cryptosuite": "experimental-ml-dsa-eddsa-2025",
    "created": "2025-03-18T08:15:30Z",
    "verificationMethod": "https://vc.example/issuers/4567#key-0",
    "proofPurpose": "assertionMethod",
    "proofValue": "..."
  }
}

Algorithms

The following section describes multiple Data Integrity cryptographic suites that utilize the ML-DSA, ECDSA and EdDSA in composite signature algorithms. The cryptographic suites follows the Composite ML-DSA for use in X.509 Public Key Infrastructure and CMS draft

id-MLDSA44-Ed25519

The id-MLDSA44-Ed25519 cryptographic suite takes an input and then cryptographically signs the output resulting in the production of a data integrity proof. The algorithms in this section also include the verification of such a data integrity proof.

Create proof

The following algorithm specifies how to create a data integrity proof given an unsecured data. Required inputs are an unsecured data to be signed, a Composite private key consisting of signing private keys for each component (ML-DSA44 and Ed25519) and a ctx string used in the composite signature combiner, which defaults to the empty string. A data integrity proof, or an error, is produced as output.

Check if len(ctx) < 255 otherwise return error
Let M' = Prefix || Domain || len(ctx) || ctx || M where:
- Prefix is “CompositeAlgorithmSignatures2025” (hex encoded 436F6D706F73697465416C676F726974686D5369676E61747572657332303235)
- Domain is “id-MLDSA44-Ed25519” (hex encoded 060B6086480186FA6B5008013E)
Let sk => (mldsaSK, ed25519SK)
Let mldsaSig = ML-DSA44.Sign(mldsaSK, M’, ctx=Domain)
Let ed25519Sig = _ed25519.Sign(ed25519SK, M’)
If ML-DSA44.Sign() or _ed25519.Sign() return an error, then return error
Let signature = CompositeSignatureValue(ed25519, mldsaSig)
Return signature

Verify proof

The following algorithm specifies how to verify a data integrity proof given secured data. Required inputs are the secured data, the composite public key consisting of verification public keys for each component (ML-DSA44 and Ed25519) and the ctx, message context string used in the composite signature combiner, which defaults to the empty string. This algorithm returns a verification result, which is a struct whose items are:

verified: true or false

Check if len(ctx) < 255 otherwise return error
Let pk => (mldsaPK, ed25519PK)
Let signature => (ed25519Sig ,mldsaSig)
Let M' = Prefix || Domain || len(ctx) || ctx || M where:
- Prefix is “CompositeAlgorithmSignatures2025” (hex encoded 436F6D706F73697465416C676F726974686D5369676E61747572657332303235)
- Domain is “id-MLDSA44-Ed25519” (hex encoded 060B6086480186FA6B5008013E)
If ML-DSA44.Verify(mldsaPK, M’, mldsaSig, ctx=Domain) return error, return verified = false
If ed25519.Verify(ed25519PK, M’, ed25519Sig) return error, return verified = false
If all succeeded, return verified = true

id-MLDSA465-Ed25519

The id-MLDSA65-Ed25519 cryptographic suite takes an input and then cryptographically signs the output resulting in the production of a data integrity proof. The algorithms in this section also include the verification of such a data integrity proof.

Create proof

The following algorithm specifies how to create a data integrity proof given an unsecured data. Required inputs are an unsecured data to be signed, a Composite private key consisting of signing private keys for each component (ML-DSA65 and Ed25519) and a ctx string used in the composite signature combiner, which defaults to the empty string. A data integrity proof, or an error, is produced as output.

Check if len(ctx) < 255 otherwise return error
Let M' = Prefix || Domain || len(ctx) || ctx || M where:
- Prefix is “CompositeAlgorithmSignatures2025” (hex encoded 436F6D706F73697465416C676F726974686D5369676E61747572657332303235)
- Domain is “id-MLDSA65-Ed25519” (hex encoded 060B6086480186FA6B50080147)
Let sk => (mldsaSK, ed25519SK)
Let mldsaSig = ML-DSA65.Sign(mldsaSK, M’, ctx=Domain)
Let ed25519Sig = _ed25519.Sign(ed25519SK, M’)
If ML-DSA65.Sign() or _ed25519.Sign() return an error, then return error
Let signature = CompositeSignatureValue(ed25519, mldsaSig)
Return signature

Verify proof

The following algorithm specifies how to verify a data integrity proof given secured data. Required inputs are the secured data, the composite public key consisting of verification public keys for each component (ML-DSA65 and Ed25519) and the ctx, message context string used in the composite signature combiner, which defaults to the empty string. This algorithm returns a verification result, which is a struct whose items are:

verified: true or false

Check if len(ctx) < 255 otherwise return error
Let pk => (mldsaPK, ed25519PK)
Let signature => (ed25519Sig ,mldsaSig)
Let M' = Prefix || Domain || len(ctx) || ctx || M where:
- Prefix is “CompositeAlgorithmSignatures2025” (hex encoded 436F6D706F73697465416C676F726974686D5369676E61747572657332303235)
- Domain is “id-MLDSA65-Ed25519” (hex encoded 060B6086480186FA6B50080147)
If ML-DSA65.Verify(mldsaPK, M’, mldsaSig, ctx=Domain) return error, return verified = false
If ed25519.Verify(ed25519PK, M’, ed25519Sig) return error, return verified = false
If all succeeded, return verified = true

Security Considerations

This section is non-normative.

Before reading this section, readers are urged to familiarize themselves with general security advice provided in the Security Considerations section of the Data Integrity specification.

The following section describes security considerations that developers implementing this specification should be aware of in order to avoid violating security assumptions.

Privacy Considerations

This section is non-normative.

Before reading this section, readers are urged to familiarize themselves with general privacy advice provided in the Privacy Considerations section of the Data Integrity specification.

The following section describes privacy considerations that developers implementing this specification should be aware of in order to avoid violating privacy assumptions.